Thursday, 10 November 2016

Glossary

Binary- a number system that uses base 2 and is the way computers process data.

Denary- The normal numbering system that uses base 10.

Integer- a whole number that can be positive or negative. Including 0.

Real Number- Any positive or negative number without a fractional part.

Ordinal number- any numbers which follow an order e.g 1-2-3-4.

Byte- 8 bits

Nibble- 4 bits

Bits- the smallest representative value for a computer to process. Can be a 1 or 0.

Metadata- data accompanies the image and has information on it.

Data types;
JPEG
PNG
GIF

Compression- the way of reducing the number the number of bits to represent data.

Lossless Compression- A way of compressing the data without losing any quality or accuracy.

Parity system- A way of checking if data is accurate and that it is complete and has not been tampered with.

Pixel- The smallest

Bit mapped graphics- Used pixels to display an image
Vector graphics- uses shapes and mathematical formula to construct an image

Trace table- A table that how numbers change when a program or code is followed.

Floating point number- A number r

2's Complement- a way of representing a negative number in a binary.

Mantissa- This is the main number. standard form has the decimal between a 0 and a 1.

Exponent- Tells us how far the decimal point is moved left or right.

RLE- Run length encoding,
A form of lossless compression in which a sequence is shortened. b,b,b,b=4b

Precision- how accurate something is.

Hexadecimal Representation- a way of representing numbers using 0-9 than letters for the numbers 10+. E.g 11=b

Bubble sort- a way of sorting numbers by comparing and swapping. each pass brings the largest number to the top each time until they are in order.


Hardware- The real physical/electrical components of the computer.

Software- Software is the

Application software-

Utility program- These help the computer by keeping the computer in an efficient state. They are in charge of the 'house keeping' such as deleting old files.

Library programs-

Translators-

Compiler-

Assembler-

Interpreter-

Operation system- This manages the system hardware and creates the 'virtual machine' for the user.

Virtual machine-

Resource management-

Processor-

Scheduling-

Memory management-

File management-

Peripheral-

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